The present study defines the support scull techniques required to maintain a stable and maximal body height above water. We analyzed support scull movements performed by 10 top-ranked synchronized swimmers of the world by employing the 3-D DLT technique. The support scull techniques that efficiently generated lift comprise a horizontal sculling motion from inside to outside during the out-scull, a smooth transition of the attack angle during sculling, and a large forearm supination angle during the stroke phases to ensure that the palms face downwards. When swimmers lifted both legs, larger upper arm motion ranges and higher sculling tempo were required to maintain the maximal height above the surface of the water. In the crane position, swimmers maintained body balance by holding their right arms close to the body and by maintaining a small left wrist flexion throughout sculling.
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