The purpose of this study was to determine ihe body resistance on the water surface and 60 cm under the water surface for a group of male subjects. It was assumed that under the water there is less resistance than on the surface (Schramm, 1958-1959) because the resistance of the waves is eliminated. The total resistance is the sum of the wave resistance, frictional resistance, and eddy resistance (Karpovich, 1933). The results of this study, therefore, might make it possible to distinguish the different resistance components (Clarys et al., 1973). One must realize that resistance data obtained by towing bodies through the water are not the same as results from measurements of swimming as Alley (1952) found and as we have found in previous studies. But the results from towed bodies were required in order to-provide complete data and to make comparisons with actual swimming. Comparisons were also made with the earlier data reported by Schramm (1958-1959).
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