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    <item>
      <title>Die Sofortwirkung von Freistil-Sprintschwimmen mit Widerstand auf Richtung und Resultierende der Kraft der Hand</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2010 20:33:16 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4023275</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4023275</guid>
      <author>Gourgoulis, V.</author>
      <author>Aggeloussis, N.</author>
      <author>Mavridis, G.</author>
      <author>Boli, A.</author>
      <author>Toubekis, A. G.</author>
      <author>Kasimatis, P.</author>
      <author>Vezos, N.</author>
      <author>Mavrommatis, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vortrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gourgoulis, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aggeloussis, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavridis, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boli, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Toubekis, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kasimatis, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vezos, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavrommatis, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of front crawl sprint-resisted swimming on the direction of the resultant force of the
hand. Five female swimmers swam 25 m with maximal intensity with and without added resistance. The underwater motion of the hand was  recorded using 4 cameras (60 Hz) and the Ariel Performance Analysis System was used for the digitization. The results showed that the magnitude of the drag and lift forces, as well as the magnitude of the resultant force was not modified significantly during resisted swimming. However, the angle formed between the resultant force and the axis of the swimming propulsion was decreased significantly in the pull phase. Thus, it could be speculated that sprint-resisted swimming could contribute to the learning of a more effective application of the propulsive forces.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Sofortwirkung von widerstandsunterstütztem Freistilschwimmen auf die Richtung der resultierenden Kraft der Hand</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 2010 20:33:16 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4019431</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4019431</guid>
      <author>Gourgoulis, V.</author>
      <author>Aggeloussis, N.</author>
      <author>Mavridis, G.</author>
      <author>Boli, A.</author>
      <author>Toubekis, A. G.</author>
      <author>Kasimatis, P.</author>
      <author>Vezos, N.</author>
      <author>Mavrommatis, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraulschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Widerstand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vortrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gourgoulis, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aggeloussis, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavridis, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boli, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Toubekis, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kasimatis, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vezos, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mavrommatis, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[INTRODUCTION: For effective propulsion the resultant force produced by a swimmer`s hand should be aimed as much as possible in the swimming direction (Toussaint et al., 2000). Moreover, it is suggested that in-water resistance training methods, such as sprint-resisted swimming, would be more effective for the improvement of the swimming performance. However, there is a lack of data regarding the acute effect of the sprint-resisted swimming on the direction of the resultant force of the hand, which was the aim of the present study. METHODS: Five female swimmers swam 25 m front crawl with maximal intensity, without and with added resistance. A bowl with a capacity of 6 l was used as added resistance. The underwater motion of the right hand was recorded using 4 cameras (60 Hz) and selected points were digitized using the Ariel Performance Analysis System. The hydrodynamic coefficients and the methodology presented by Sanders (1999) were used for the estimation of the drag, the lift and the resultant force of the swimmer`s hand. Moreover, the angle between the resultant force and the axis of propulsion was calculated. For the statistical treatment of the data the t-test for dependent samples was used. RESULTS: During resisted swimming the magnitude of the drag, the lift, the resultant and the effective propulsive forces were not altered significantly. However, the angle between the vector of the resultant force and the axis of swimming propulsion in the pull phase was decreased significantly (t4= 2.877, p< 0.05) during resisted swimming (13.26 ± 15.37 deg), in comparison with free swimming (36.31 ± 14.73 deg). DISCUSSION: During sprint-resisted swimming, the angle formed between the resultant force vector and the axis of the swimming propulsion was decreased significantly in the pull phase and thus the resultant force was steered more in the forward swimming direction. Consequently, it could be speculated that front crawl sprint-resisted swimming probably could contribute to the learning of a more effective application of the propulsive forces.]]></content:encoded>
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