Load-velocity (L-V) profiling has emerged as a practical method for evaluating swimming performance through a series of semi-tethered resisted sprints performed with different external loads. By linearly modelling the relationship between swimming velocity and external resistance, key parameters can be derived, including theoretical maximal velocity (velocity at zero load: V0), theoretical maximal load (load at zero velocity: L0), and the L-V slope. Since its introduction, a growing body of research has examined the reliability, validity, and practical applications of the swimming L-V profiling approach. Current evidence consistently supports V0 as a strong indicator of sprint swimming performance and that the L-V slope is related to active drag. The L-V profiling approach relies on several assumptions, and careful methodological setup is required for consistent outcomes. Given the growing attention towards this approach, this paper provides an overview of the development of swimming L-V profiling, summarises the current evidence, and highlights key methodological considerations. In addition to understanding the key methodological assumptions and background, L-V profiling should not be viewed as a standalone measure of swimming velocity or forces, but rather as a framework for interpreting performance changes and their underlying mechanisms
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