The results of this study showed that the elite swimmer obtained high take-off velocity at the start phase had high velocity by the time the rear foot left and accelerated further before the front foot left. This finding suggested that increasing the time holding the start block may increase the horizontal force exerted by the rear leg, thereby resulting in a higher horizontal velocity at take-off and better start performance. Further collection of data from many elite swimmers is necessary to clarify the techniques and training methods to improve the horizontal velocity at take-off.
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