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    <item>
      <title>Reaktion auf das Medium Wasser in der frühen Kindheit</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036850</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036850</guid>
      <author>Vallet, J.</author>
      <author>Magnin, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Säugling</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wasser</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Vallet, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Magnin, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[History:
- origin of the experience
- his evolution binded to a revision of objectives of the practice and organisation
- the last step: - refinement of the observation
- tentative of programmation of situations who permit to the child to take his self government in water ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Energieaufteilung im Wasserspringen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036851</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036851</guid>
      <author>Stroup, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wasserspringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Stroup, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Although I realize that time is at a premium, I would be negligent indeed if I did not take a ~oment to express my gratitude for the opportunity to participate in this seminar and my delight in exchaning ideas with students of international eminence on subjects that have been of interest to me for nearly half a century. And of the subjects to be discussed here, the one that, through the years, has presented the greatest personal challenge to me - the one that has aroused my abiding curiosity - has been the cause of rotation around the frontal axis of the body in a diving performance. In fact, my concern with this subject has been so consistent for so long that my presentation today may sound more like an autobiography than a research report.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mechanische Verhältnisse in der Lunge beim Schwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036852</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036852</guid>
      <author>Deroanne, R.</author>
      <author>Pirnay, F.</author>
      <author>Dujardin, J.</author>
      <author>Petit, J. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lunge</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Deroanne, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pirnay, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dujardin, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Petit, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Heavy muscular exercise sollicits the function of ventilation in such a way that, in some maximum exercises, the amount of oxygen taken up by the respiratory muscles, may constitute a limiting factor uring exercise (15, 12). During the swimming events, the subject breathes under particularly difficult conditions especially when he is not well trained. The horizontal position, water pressure on the body and the corresponding modifications of the breathing pattern, as well as the mechanic of breathing constitute supp1ew~ntary strains on respiratory function. Such restrictions  possibly limit oxygen supply to peripheral muscles and reduce physical performances in water.
The aim of our study was the measurement of the modifications of the pulmonary flow resistances and lung elasticity induced by submersion in water during swimming by breast stroke and by back stroke.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine Analyse der Zugbewegungen beim Kraularmzug</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036853</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036853</guid>
      <author>Belokovsky, V. V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraulschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Arm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Belokovsky, V. V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study was undertaken to investigate the pulling motions of the arms during the sprint crawl stroke. The most of specialists analysing
the pattern of arm motions in crawl don't use date of apparat methods exc1using some works of the last years (2,3,4,5). In our study we intended to classify different types of pressure against the palms of swimmers in the crawl arm stroke.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Messungen im Wasserspringen und Analyse des Absprungs</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036854</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036854</guid>
      <author>Bergmaier, G.</author>
      <author>Wettstein, A.</author>
      <author>Wartenweiler, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wasserspringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Absprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bergmaier, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wettstein, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wartenweiler, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In general, the divers and their trainers are highly experienced, and there are many written works on training, amongst which "Diving" by Dr G. Eaves should be mentioned. The work which is now carried out makes for the first time measurement values available from diving. The take-off spring is the most important part of every dive. The impulse which is the physical base for the path of the trajectory and the correct measurement of the rotation were recorded with film and by electronical equipment. The tests were made with 3 subjects who were well experienced, if junior, divers from 14 - 16 years of age ; a girl weighing 48 kgs and two boys of 43 and 55 kgs respectively.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Beschreibung der Bewegung von Handgelenk und Schulter bei verschiedenen Würfen im Wasserball</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036855</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036855</guid>
      <author>Clarys, J. P.</author>
      <author>Lewillie, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wasserball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schulter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Clarys, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lewillie, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[It was the purpose of this study to describe the movement of shoulder and wrist in 5 different waterpolo shots by means of a light trace transfer. As secondary purpose, this technique can be used in combinaison with film in order to compare shoulder and wrist movements in waterpolo more precise.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jüngste Entwicklungen in der Theorie des Wasserspringens</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036856</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036856</guid>
      <author>Eaves, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wasserspringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Kongressband, Tagungsbericht</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Eaves, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The failure of action-reaction theories to account for the rapid and apparently effortless spinning of the diver performing multiple twists has 1 ed to the appearance of what may be ea 11ed 11 di stortion" theories of twist. The basis of these is usually the concept of converting some of the somersault angular momentum into twist angular momentum and this concept has been shown to be invalid.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anthropometrische Einflussfaktoren auf den Auftrieb bei Afrikanern</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036857</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036857</guid>
      <author>Ghesquiere, J. L.</author>
      <author>Karvonen, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydrodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Afrika</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Detraining</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auftrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ghesquiere, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karvonen, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In recent years, Africans have excelled in a great variety of sports. Even long distance running, for which the body build and the physiological characteristics of the African were previously considerd as less well suited, has at the recent Olympic games become a1most a monopoly of Africans. There is, however, a notable exception ; swimming. The absence of African swimmers, or swimmers of African origin, from the world elite is indeed conspicuous. In swimming, work has to be done against gravity in order to keep the swimmer on the surface and to overcome the resistance of water for forward movement. A relatively light body floats well, whereas a human body with higher density requires a greater proportion of the total energy being spent against gravity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss des Blockwinkels auf den Start im Schwimmen über Sprintdistanzen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036858</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036858</guid>
      <author>Elliott, G. M.</author>
      <author>Sinclair, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Start</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Winkel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Startblock</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Elliott, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sinclair, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The use of the swimming startin9 blocks is a relatively recent occurance and even in the 1950's the instruction on racing start in some text books referred to standing starts from the edge of the pool deck. In the Mexico Olympics, the swimmers were allowed to use a sloping angle of 15° maximum. During the FINA Meetings in Mexico, it was agreed thatthe maximum angle of starting blocks should be 10°. It would seem probable that this ruling was changed because of the difficulty many swimmers had in maintaining their balance on a 15° angle sloping platform. There is however no apparent indication of the value of sloped blocks to the actual start. If one hypothesises that the direction of ground reaction is not necessarily dependent on the slope of the ground but rather on the size of the frictional forces developed, then it could be said that the slope of the blocks is incidental to good starting form.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewegungsmuster beim Brustschwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036859</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036859</guid>
      <author>Nemessuri, M.</author>
      <author>Vaday, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Brustschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nemessuri, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vaday, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The breast-stroke is in many lands the most popular way of swimming. Namely the breast-stroke gives the ordinary swimmer greater security in water. Fatigue sets in later than with crawl-stroke or the dolphin. Visibility is better than with back stroke and breathing is relatively simpler than with other types of swimming. The purpose of our analysis was to measure the main factors of the motor process of swimming. In this way it is possible to get better aquainted with the characteristic form of human locomotion and to draw conclusions on an improvement in the efficiency of swimming.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewegungsmuster im Freistilschwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036860</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036860</guid>
      <author>Vaday, M.</author>
      <author>Nemessuri, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraulschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vortrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Vaday, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nemessuri, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The free-style swimming is the most effective methode of swimming. because this movement is the quickest locomotion in the water (3). Its movement form stands also near to the instinctive way of swimming (2). The mentioned two reasons were the fundamental causes for studying the freestyle motor pattern. Our aim was to determine by means of objective measurewents those main active forces that give the propulsive force of free-style swimming, and to define on that basis the motor direction pattern.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine Wasserschwimmmühle</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036861</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036861</guid>
      <author>Astrand, P. O.</author>
      <author>Engelsson, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportstätte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messplatz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Astrand, P. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Engelsson, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In a basin water can be circulated in a 2.5 m wide and 1.2 m deep vertical loop by two horizontal variable pitch axial flow pumps located in the part of the loop below a test basin, which is 4.0 m long. Each pump can deliver up to 180,000 liters of water per minute. With a simple control knob, feeding an electronic device, the water velocity through the test basin can be varied from 0 up to 2.0 m/sec with an accuracy of 0.02 m/sec. The highest speed corresponds to swimming 100 m in 50 sec.. Thanks to vaneguided bends at the ends of the basin the water flow can be maintained 1aminar and essientia11y homogeneous in the center part of the canal where the subject swims Human safety is achieved by a net fixed at the end of the test basin and an emergency stop at the control box. The principles of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sauerstoffaufnahme beim Schwimmen mit unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten in der "Wasserschwimmmühle"</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036862</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036862</guid>
      <author>Holmer, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messplatz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energiestoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Holmer, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The present investigation was carried out in the "aquatic swimmill" described by Astrand, Englesson. The main purpose of these preliminary experiments was to test the experimental set up and to measure the energy costs of swimming at different speeds.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schwimmeralter</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1971 09:45:56 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036863</link>
      <guid>https://bms.sport-iat.de/bms/Record/4036863</guid>
      <author>Hirata, K.-I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hirata, K.-I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In received the kind invitation letter to the Symposium on Biomechanics in Swimming. But I am sorry that I cannot take part in this Symposium because I have another important congress in Japan. And so I will send my opinion about biomechanics in swimming from the stand point of age.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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